You&#;ve probably come across numerous o-rings in your lifetime, whether you knew it or not. From cars to cameras, these little doughnut shaped parts are instantly forgettable but endlessly useful. They are probably one of the biggest revolutions in mechanical engineering to date, allowing us to develop new machinery, better products and safer working environments. So, what are o rings used for, and why are they so popular? Let&#;s find out.
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O rings have some amazing properties which makes them a crucial component of many precision engineered devices. Their natural propensity to return to their original shape when the cross section has pressure exerted on it means they are one of the most economical and reliable methods of making a strong seal possible.
The other reason o rings are so commonly used is down to the wide range of materials they can be made from. The majority of o rings are made from elastomers, which are a type of elastic polymer, but there are a huge variety of these elastomers available, each with different strengths, weaknesses and tolerances. The application that the o ring is destined for will determine which type of material is most suitable, for example:
As you can see, for pretty much any application you can think of, there will be an o ring which can handle that environment. This means they are useful in a huge range of applications, from appliances found around the home to gigantic machines used in manufacturing and even in the space shuttle!
O rings are used to block a path which may otherwise allow a liquid or a gas to escape. The o ring is placed into a groove to secure them in place, and then compressed between two surfaces. By squeezing the o ring, there is no more clearance for it to move and it blocks the pathway of the liquid or gas you are trying to seal in place.
When the system comes under pressure, the o ring is squeezed against the opposite wall of the groove, maintaining a perfect seal even under very high or low pressures. The materials that o rings are made from (elastomers) are naturally springy and have a desire to return to their original shape, so when the pressure ceases, they spring back to their original position, maintaining a seal and readiness for the next cycle.
In a nutshell and to answer the question of what are o rings used for, they are used to seal in a liquid or gas and are the most effective way of ensuring a robust, reliable seal.
Because o rings are so good at keeping liquids and gasses from moving freely around, you&#;ll often find them in mechanical parts and processes, particularly where extremes of temperature or pressure are at work. Some applications that are almost certainly springing to mind already could include engines, boilers, refrigerators and compressors. But o rings are also found in some rather surprising places; for example:
Next time you&#;re down the pub, you can delight your friends with stories of what are o rings used for, and all the surprising places they might come across one.
For advice on o ring uses and materials, talk to our team of experts about our range of products including encapsulated seals, hot vulcanised o rings and moulded o rings.
O-rings are very commonplace today and used in a wide variety of applications. The O-ring may also be known as a toric joint or packing. It is a donut shape loop of elastomer with a circular cross-section that is explicitly designed to be placed in a groove and compressed between two or more parts, creating a seal where the parts meet. While o-rings are very commonplace today, they have been in use for less than 100 years.
It is often said that the o-ring was invented in the United States during World War II, but this isn&#;t entirely accurate. The o-ring was actually developed just before the war in , by Danish-born Niels Christensen. During the war, it was found that many businesses were in violation of Christensen's patent rights, so the United States bought the patent from Christensen for $72,000. Because the o-ring is a relatively simple product, it&#;s general design has stayed the same, although it is now used in many more applications and is available in a wide variety of materials.
Many in the public who were unfamiliar with o-rings became acquainted with the part in due to the failure of Dupont&#;s Viton o-ring. This failure was responsible for the space shuttle Challenger disaster on January 28, . Upon further examination, researchers found that the cold weather before the launch negatively impacted the flexibility of the o-ring.
Luckily, since the Challenger disaster, the rubber industry has gone through a transformation. Today, the manufacturing of all o-rings comes with a batch number and serial date to track distribution. If an inspector finds any issues with a batch, it makes recalling the products much more straightforward.
Today, different materials allow for a variety of o-ring options. The material of choice will depend on the application, fluids, and temperatures they may encounter.
The most common materials include but may not be limited to:
Aflas
Neoprene/Chloroprene
Ethylene propylene
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Fluoroelastomer
Fluorosilicone
Nitrile
PTFE
Silicone
Urethane/Polyurethane
O-rings are used in an almost endless number of applications, and those applications seem to grow by the year. They are instrumental because they can accommodate imperfect mounting and offer a variety of sizes and materials. While their use continues to grow, some of the most common applications include:
The oil field
Refrigeration
Air conditioning
Hydraulics
Pneumatic tools
Automotive industry
Firearms
O-rings are used in many settings where you may not even think of them such as in dental implants, scuba gear, beverage dispensing in restaurants, and even in your paintball gun. The uses are very broad, making orings one of the most versatile fluid sealing products on the market today.
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