After years of trialing, Dr. Miyoshi Okamoto scientist of Japan at Toray Industries, invented the world's first microfiber in 1970 and later his coworker Dr. Toyohiko Hikota improve a new practice and modify Dr. Okamoto's invention into an remarkable new fabric - Ultrasuede - a non-woven material and the first commercial production of microfiber commenced in 1989, in U.S by E.I. DuPont de Nemours & Company, Inc.
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Microfibers: Very fine fibersMicrofiber is a variety of polyester that has exclusive and advantageous properties compared to other traditional fibers.Microfibers are heavily formed, polyester and polyamide fibers and are one hundred times finer than human hair. The diameter of microfibers is one-quarter of fine wool, one-third of the cotton, half of a fine silk fiber and the density of the material consent it to grip six to eight times of its weight in water.
"Denier" is the word used to describe the diameter or fineness of fiber. One denier measurement means a 9000-meter length of fiber or yarn in the weight of grams. Falling in the category of microfiber the size must be less than one denier i.e. minimum 0.9 denier requirements. Though, many microfibers are available in the size of 0.5 - 0.6 denier or even in less diameter.
Generally, microfiber is a mixture of polyester and polyamide (a nylon by-product) available in a mixture of 80/20, 75/25, or 70/30 etc polyester and polyamide ratios. Microfibers can be available alone or mixed with usual denier man-made fibers as well as with natural fibers such as cotton, wool, silk even rayon too. Micro-fibers are made from polyester, nylon, rayon and most recently acrylic. They also can be blended with other fibers including Lycra spandex. These mixtures improve the look; adorn and the performance of the fabric. Micro-fibers can be woven or knitted into a wide range of fabrics such as satin, faille, crepe, twill, taffeta and broadcloth. A variety of microfibers and its finishes improves the appearance and experience like silks, sand washed, or a leather and feather look.
In market generally microfibers are available with various names or trade names according the properties made by the manufacturers.
.Lightweight and flexible
.Good stability and shape retention
.Anti-wrinkle property
.Have a wicking ability that permits perspiration
.Comfortable to wear as they are more spongy
.Doesn't water stain - superior water repellency is available
.Woven or knitted into a very high quality fabric construction
.Formerly commenced as a polyester microfiber, today you can find nylon, rayon and acrylic microfibers too.
.Strong and durable, water repellent and wind resistant -so tightly woven, that the fabric can't be penetrated by wind, rain or cold
.Lightweight, resilient or resist wrinkling, have a comfortable array, preserve shape and resist pilling
.The positively charged microfibers draw dust; the tiny fibers are capable to enter the microscopic surface voids most materials
.Washable, dries quickly and also washable in at the water temperatures up to 200 degrees and their characteristics will remain intact.
.Electrostatic effect - Hair, lint and other dust particles are attracted and grabbed by the microfibers without lifting dust
.The density of the material allowable it to grip six to eight times its weight in water hence high absorbing power capacity
.The attraction capability of the microfibers is so sound, even absorbs bacteria and germs - hence can be use as germ or bacteria free purpose
.The fabric consists of millions of small tiny conduits that carry oil and grease too.
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The jan/san industry isn’t known as a hotbed of revolutionary ideas or cutting-edge technology. In recent years, however, one new advancement has changed the way people clean. Microfiber tools promise to work faster, better, more cost efficiently and with less environmental impact than their traditional counterparts.
“It’s the latest true innovation in the cleaning market,” says Bruno Niklaus, vice president of global marketing for Unger Enterprises Inc., Bridgeport, Conn.
Microfiber was invented in Sweden in the mid-1980s and quickly spread throughout Europe and Asia. Environmentally aware Europeans liked that the material could be used with little or no chemicals and could be repeatedly laundered, reducing waste. Microfiber flat mops now represent half of all mop sales in Europe’s commercial cleaning market, says Frank Zoche, vice president of sales and marketing for FilMop US Distribution, Villa del Conte, Italy. They could render traditional string mops practically obsolete within a decade.
The technology finally leapt across the pond about five years ago but has only recently found acceptance stateside. When Chris Schran, president of REDCO, Fountain Valley, Calif., attended the 2001 ISSA trade show, there were about seven booths with microfiber products and all were in the international area.
“Last year there had to be 35 to 40 manufacturers or brands that had microfiber in their inventory and I’m sure this year it will be even more,” Schran says.
It is clear that microfiber is a hit. Sales doubled in the first half of 2005, Zoche says, and industry professionals predict that microfiber mop sales will surpass string mop sales by nearly 30 percent in the next five years.
“It is tough to say where it is headed, but it is here to stay,” says Mark Pendergrass, market manager for professional cleaning products at Norton Abrasives, Worcester, Mass. “There is more competition on the production side of microfiber, forcing the pricing down to a level where all segments can get a quality product at any budget level.”
Hit and Miss
The technology is used in many industries, including fashion, auto and aircraft. The cleaning industry is still a very small part of the microfiber business, but one market segment that has widely accepted microfiber is healthcare. Hospitals appreciate the quality, ease of use and reduced waste associated with microfiber, says Judy Cline, director of microfiber cleaning for Rubbermaid, Winchester, Va.
“The way it is being used prevents cross contamination, which is ideal in this day and age when cleaning for health is such a high-profile concept,” Cline says.
Hospitals and nursing homes often use a different microfiber cloth for each patient room, laundering them between uses. Most also use color-coded handles to designate separate mops for restrooms, patient rooms, cafeterias, etc.
“Microfiber has not received this type of enthusiasm in other markets,” says Bland Murphy, account manager for Jones Yarn, Humboldt, Tenn. “However, microfiber could be very advantageous to any type of facility.”
The intensifying spotlight on indoor air quality (IAQ) finally has the educational market looking into microfiber. The technology is perfect for food service because it can be used where chemicals cannot, such as on sneeze guards near food. Another group that is showing interest are contract cleaners.
“They use it to differentiate themselves from the others,” Schran says. “They can provide better service because it’s easier to get in and out of places. They don’t go in with mops and buckets. They go in with a couple of spray bottles, cloths, a handle and a backpack vacuum. They are in and out quickly and it’s really clean.”
The group that seems most reluctant to jump on board the microfiber trend is large contractors. Their hesitance may be due to a lack of education about the forms and quality of microfiber products available.
“If they understood the technology and what it could do for them I think a lot more companies would use it,” Schran says.
Form and Function
The most relevant microfiber products for the cleaning industry are mops, cloths, mitts and bonnets. Manufacturers promise that, in every form, microfiber outperforms its traditional counterparts thanks to its unique construction.
Microfiber yarn has 100 times more surface area than natural textiles. It is dense with lots of nooks and crannies, allowing it to hold seven to eight times its own weight in water. While cotton can absorb about 70 percent of moisture, microfiber can pick up about 98 percent. The synthetic material agitates better, weighs less and can be laundered more than traditional fibers.
“In every instance, in every form, microfiber will always clean better than its counterpart,” Cline says. “I recently cleaned an entire glass mirrored wall, using just a microfiber cloth dampened with water. There were no streaks or prints. It just takes everything off.”
Just as there are important differences between microfiber and traditional cleaning tools, there are also variations within the microfiber category. “Microfiber is not just microfiber,” Niklaus says.
Unger recently released a microfiber grading system to help users understand differences. Distributors should familiarize themselves with those differences. In addition to price, learn about fiber density, durability, absorbency and wash life. Also, it is important that cloths used for dusting be 100 percent microfiber, while those used for mopping should actually be about a 50/50 blend of microfiber and polyester.
Seeing Is Believing
The benefits of microfiber are numerous but telling customers this isn’t enough, particularly with end users who are resistant to change. The best way to persuade customers is through demonstration. Cline says a side-by-side comparison of traditional and microfiber tools is as good as “a white glove test.”
“Have them clean their floors as they would normally do it,” she says. “Following that, take a dry, white microfiber pad over the floor. It’s scary; it cleans so much better, and it will pick up the residue from traditional cleaning.”
Involve frontline workers in testing. They will respond quickly to better performance and will also appreciate ergonomic differences. A wet string mop can weigh 10 pounds, while a soaked microfiber mop with an aluminum head and handle weighs less than three pounds.
At a Price
Even after testing, customers may express sticker shock, so distributors must help them see the long-term benefits.
Microfiber can be laundered and reused and, depending on the quality, can last several years. The highest quality cotton mops, on the other hand, must be replaced every few weeks and some cheap mops are practically disposable. The new technology also significantly reduces chemical usage. An average worker uses 21 gallons of floor-cleaning solution for string mopping during one shift, Murphy says. With microfiber, that is reduced to just two gallons — a 90 percent savings in cost and waste. Finally, microfiber tools increase productivity.
“If you can improve your productivity anywhere from 10 to 50 percent, that’s huge savings and it more than offsets the costs that people are always so freaked by,” Schran says.
As with any new technology, microfiber comes with a learning curve. The most common problems people have with the product are in the areas of technique and laundering. Here are a few tips on how to get it right.
Becky Mollenkamp is a Des Moines, Iowa-based freelance writer, and a frequent contributor to SM.
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